But he seemed to have recovered by September, when he resumed an active schedule until the absences came to be noticed again in the winter. Chernenko was believed to have strengthened his hand after the death of Mikhail A. Suslov, the party theoretician, in early 1982.In the months before his death, illness kept Mr. Andropov out of view and Mr. Chernenko more and more often took his place at important public functions. Ideological purity had always been a primary concern to him and he had sensed a threat to it in Mr. Andropov's approach.Almost immediately after Mr. Suslov's death, the Soviet press carried long reports on a visit by Mr. Chernenko to France as chief of a delegation to a French Communist Party congress.Starting in the middle 1950's, Mr. Chernenko's political fortunes were closely linked to those of his protector.Mr. The policies were associated more with Mr. Gromyko than with Mr. Chernenko, but, as in his economic policies, he was credited at least with not standing in the way of the revival of talks.The television news showed Mr. Chernenko laid out in the Hall of Columns. He has made history by becoming the first General Secretary of the Soviet Communist Party to be ap- Chernenko and his wife, Anna Dmitriyevna, had a daughter, Yelena Konstantinovna.He spent a year in that job, and then, according to his official biography, he volunteered for the army.
''I promise you, comrades, to do my utmost to faithfully serve our party, our people and the great Leninist cause.''In his speech today and in the hurry he demonstrated to get moving, Mr. Gorbachev made clear his legacy.
Chernenko joined the Communist Youth League at age 17 and the Communist Party two years later.
Five years later, Mr. Brezhnev made Mr. Chernenko a full-fledged national party secretary, giving him a seat on the ruling Politburo, first as a candidate member, in 1977, and the following year as a full member.The chilly climate was epitomized by the Soviet-led boycott of the 1984 Olympic Games in Los Angeles for reasons that barely clothed what looked like a retaliatory snub for the American boycott of the 1980 Olympic Games in Moscow ordered by President Jimmy Carter. But, since they were ultimately untried, the possibility of their to the very top aroused apprehensions among the Old Guard and their loyalists in the ranks who feared for their positions and privileges.Having come through party ranks, Mr. Chernenko served as shield-bearer and confidant during the 18-year reign of Leonid I. Brezhnev but was passed over when the men in the Kremlin chose Mr. Brezhnev's immediate successor in November 1982. While in the service, he became a member of the Communist Party in 1931.This forced him to rely on the expertise of two members of the Politburo who had helped engineer Mr. Andropov's takeover in 1982.About his personal traits and habits even less was known in public than about those of other Soviet leaders. Ultimately, it created the basis of the current mood of optimism and … Gorbachev became, at 54, the youngest man to take charge of the Soviet Union since Stalin and the seventh to head the Soviet state.But Western diplomats believe he will be best remembered for keeping alive the changes initiated by Mr. Andropov, maintaining the campaign against corruption and the drive for labor discipline.
Chernenko was born into poverty in western Siberia, the son of a miner. Like Andropov, Chernenko was a chain smoker with chronic health problems. His child labor was said to have benefited ''kulaks,'' the comparatively prosperous independent peasants who were later to perish in the camps and famines that marked Stalin's ruthless collectivization of the land.Events once again evoked the walls confronting Russian reformers in the mid-19th century, when the fear and loathing of new ideas characterized czarist absolutism.Soviet relations with the United States had gone from bad under Mr. Brezhnev to worse under Mr. Andropov. Chernenko will lie in state in the Hall of Columns of the House of Unions on Tuesday and Wednesday, and will be buried behind Lenin's Mausoleum.''I am well aware of the great trust put in me and of the great responsibility connected with this,'' he said. Chernenko was the sixth and, at 72, the oldest Soviet leader to take office. Problems in Afghanistan and Poland, two trouble spots where Mr. Andropov reportedly had warned Mr. Brezhnev against an unwise use of force, refused to go away.While Mr. Andropov himself had searched for less burdensome foreign and arms policies, tensions between Moscow and Washington were heightened by the shooting down of a South Korean airliner and the breakdown in nuclear-arms talks in 1983.Speculation about his health increased in Moscow when he dropped from the public view after a Dec. 27 television appearance. Due to his rapidly failing health, he …
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Konstantin Chernenko successor